John Keats s On First Looking Into Chapman s Homer

An English Romantic poet by the name of John Keats was known as one of the best romantic poets of the 18th century for his excellent perspective on nature. As well as the relationship between man and nature. He allows readers to truly visualize nature in their mind when they read his work. John Keats’s poem, On first looking into Chapman s Homer was written in 1816. The sonnet tells the reader about how Keats compares his experiences to reading about Homer’s novel dealing with Odysseus’s experience of adventures around the world. Keats gives the reader a sense of how going to so many places does not mean that you have truly seen the world as a whole. You have a take a step back and look at the bigger picture to embrace and understand there is so much more beyond what you have already seen. There are parts of the world that you have not explore fully or discover. On first looking into Chapman’s Homer is known as an Italian or petrarchan sonnet. An Italian o r petrarchan sonnet contain an octave and a sestet. There are two rhyme schemes in the octave that goes as a, b, b, a, a, b, b, a. As shown in the first four lines of the poem, â€Å"Much have I travell’d in the realms of gold, And many goodly states and kingdoms seen; Round many western islands have I been Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold.† As for the sestet, it only has two rhyme schemes; c, d, c, d. Referring to the ninth line in the sonnet, â€Å"Then felt I like some watcher of the skies. When a new planet swims into hisShow MoreRelatedOn First Looking Into Chapmans Homer(C.a)1169 Words   |  5 Pages the free encyclopedia ------------------------------------------------- On First Looking into Chapman s Homer Much have I travell d in the realms of gold, And many goodly states and kingdoms seen; Round many western islands have I been Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told That deep-browed Homer ruled as his demesne; Yet did I never breathe its pure serene Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies When a newRead MoreA Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, By William Wordsworth And On First Looking Into Chapman s Homer1190 Words   |  5 PagesSublime, as the keyword that guides the two major poems, â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer† by John Keats, has helped both authors to express their genuine feelings. The word â€Å"sublime† is used when you have a great respect and a sense of excellence for something; â€Å"Of such excellence†, the feeling of awesome. The feeling awesome has a root word of â€Å"awe†, which means the feeling of respect for fear or wonder. The word canRead MoreAnalysis Of John Keats1078 Words   |  5 PagesThe Different Perspective (A Discussion on messages in John Keats poems.) John Keats was a poet in the 1800’s who was way ahead of his time. Keats left his indelible mark on literature. Even though Keats lived a hard, short life, it never stopped him from writing good literature. â€Å"He had no advantages of birth, wealth or education; he lost his parents in childhood, watched one brother die of tuberculosis and the other emigrate to America. Poverty kept him from marrying the woman he loved. And heRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesPress in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford Universit y Press, or as expressly permitted

Comparison Between Othello And Emilia - 1147 Words

Perkins 1 Jonathan Perkins Professor Barbara Russell COM1102 1 August 2014 Compare and Contrast Desdemona and Emilia in â€Å"Othello† In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, there are two significant ladylike assumes that draw in our consideration. One is the wife of the play s tragic saint Othello; the other is locked in to one of the best malevolent individuals ever Iago. They are an imperative piece of what goes ahead in the play and inevitably how the genuine issue of the play is settled. These two females of the play might be investigated in various ways. To start, both Desdemona and Emilia are the wives of men of activity. Their spouses are in the Venetian military and standard men as well as men who hold positions and quality. Desdemona is the wife of Othello who is a General in the armed force with men under his charge. Emilia s spouse is Iago who is the extremely old of Othello. Next, the two women demonstrate a level of not knowing anything about the plots in play around them. Unknowingly both Desdemona and Emilia play d irectly into Iago s expert arrangement of pulverization. Desdemona and Emilia are likewise faithful wives who need to satisfy their spouses. Othello accepts that Desdemona is improperly sexual and ; along these lines Desdemona needs to quiet down his stresses concerning her faithfulness by cooling him, thusly satisfying him. Desdemona guarantees: I never did Perkins 2 Offend you in my life;Show MoreRelatedComparison Between Othello And Emilia962 Words   |  4 PagesAsan Joseph COM 1102 08/3/2014 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST BETWEEN DESDEMONA AND EMILIA In the play by Shakespare, Othello, there are two noticeable women who were featured in the play. One of them was the wife of the tragic-hero in the play (Othello), while the other one was the wife of the greatest villain of all time (Lago). The comparison of women in a Shakespeare text cannot be done without understanding the situation of women in Shakespeare’s time, and the cultural and social context in whichRead MoreOthello: Compare and Contrast The Two Wives1627 Words   |  7 Pages Bob Mudd Compare and contrast the two characters Desdemona and Emilia from the play Othello. Desdemona and Emilia Comparison and Contrast In the play Othello the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare., there are two prominent women that grab and hold our attention. One is the wife of the play’s heroic character Othello; the other is engaged to an untrustworthy man named Iago. The women are part of, but yet serve as a small piece of what goes on in the play and which is how the conflict of theRead MoreEmili Othello 1162 Words   |  5 PagesEmilia’s Character in Othello Often within novels, plays or sorties, individuals are labeled to a certain category of character that fits an evident template. Emilia within Shakespeare’s Othello is unlike many of the other characters in that prospect as she is unique. Emilia has several different views and outlooks on the worldly matters, especially in comparison to say Desdemona or Othello whom respectively represent innocence and jealousy. The apparent fact that Emilia is married to Iago isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, Desdemona, Emilia, And Bianca949 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s play Othello, there are only three women characters; Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. In this play, women are viewed as possessions to the men, causing critics to argue that the women to have no control of their lives. Women were viewed as their husband’s property, not being able to make their own decisions and listening to what their husbands told them to do. They were not seen as a human nor were females seen as being equal to men. Throughout Shakespeare’s Othello the three women showRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1333 Words   |  6 PagesWomen, especially Desdemona but Emilia as well, are obviously targets of male violence in Othello. For some reason Shakespeare’s play often put the emphasis on the role of the female characters and their influence on the main male characters. For instan ce, the result of the passionate love of Romeo for Juliet, the effect of Ophelia’s insanity had on hamlet, and so on. In Othello, Shakespeare made Desdemona and the other women in the play no different; Othello’s jalousie and love made the play a tragedyRead MoreA Malevolent Villain Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagespersecute the main character or another central character within their story. They add to the plot and tension of the work. Another malicious character is Iago, the villain in one of William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, Othello. In this play Iago sets out to destroy Othello for multiple reasons, most of which are unsubstantiated imaginings. Iago’s role as a malicious villain is evidenced by his misogynist, racist, and manipulative behaviors. The first evidence of Iago’s malicious villainy isRead MoreA Relationship Between A White And A Black Mother1313 Words   |  6 Pagesstories and music. It is unclear if Morrison is trying to make a comparison between a white and a black mother (the latter is usually reputed to be not-so-good-mothers, especially in American culture). It is challenging to separate race issue in the events of this play. Desdemona tells Barbary that she is color blind when the latter tells her she was just a slave due to the color of her skin. Desdemona tries to show Barbary the bond between them by countering the claim that her whiteness makes a differenceRead MoreOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a characterâ⠂¬â„¢s amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of grey exemplifying the nature of all characters that fall in between the two extremesRead MoreEssay about Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello1450 Words   |  6 PagesJealousy in Shakespeares Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between jealousy and the consequential action.   The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to most critics. InRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Iago And Othello1094 Words   |  5 Pages The tragedy of Othello is not just a story of jealousy but rather a clash of two worlds. In Shakespearean plays we many times see the protagonist fall due to deceit, human flaws, and corruption of their society. We specifically see the hero fall in Shakespeares Othello as a man trying to be himself with a corrupt friendship in Iago. Othello is seen to be the noble moor of Venice. He is respected by society for his many actions of nobility and bravery. Iago on the other hand is the villain plotting

Human Resources Department and Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Human Resources Department and Analysis. Answer: Introduction The organization which I have chosen for my paper is Apple incorporation which is listed in United States of America. The organization has been in news during the recent years with complete focus on the employee oriented policies of the company. Line Managers are responsible for monitoring the attendance of their reportees, approving leave and flexi-hours facility. The flexi-hours facility will be at the sole discretion of the Line Manager. For BSE team, Line Managers will ensure that any absence on part of their reportee is documented and is given to HR department for record keeping. For all other processes, HR will use access control data to review attendance record and ensure absence is documented. In case of any exigency, Line Manager will notify HR. All approvals should be given keeping in mind the needs of the employee and business interests. Human Resources department (HRD) will ensure recording of leave by employees and providing payroll inputs accordingly. Finance department will process payroll as per the attendance inputs given by HRD with regard to attendance (Duhigg, 2012). Situational analysis and Industry attractiveness Employees are responsible to notify their Line Manager as early as possible prior to, or during their assigned work day if they may be late or absent for any reason. This notification should include the reasons for the absence and when the employee expects to return to work. Asking another employee, friend or relative to give this notification is not considered proper except under emergency conditions. Unsatisfactory attendance will result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment and/or stopping pay for the scheduled time missed. Any absence, more than the number of approved PL will be treated as Leave without Pay, unless given valid reasons to the full satisfaction of the Department Head. If an employee absents from work for three consecutive days without intimation to Line Manager, it would be treated as absconding from work. The Line Manager should report such absence to the HR department and Department Head. A notification will be sent to the employee to report the cause of such unapproved absence extending beyond 3 working days. If the absence without intimation continues beyond seven consecutive working days without notification, such an employees name may be struck off the rolls of the Company(Duhigg, 2012). Employees cannot avail any leave during notice period. In case there is a genuine reason to avail SL/CL, the notice period may be extended by the leave period. Line Manager will decide in this regard. If there is no SL/CL credit available with the employee, such absence will be considered as LWP. Leave without Pay (LWP) LWP can be applied by an employee when no other leave is available. An employee cannot ask LWP as a matter of right. The employee will be considered on LWP if s/he does not submit the leave approval to the HR department before taking leave. In case LWP is availed on a Friday and subsequent Monday, then weekend will also be considered as LWP LWP availed during notice period, will result in extension of notice period by the given number of days. During the period of LWP, the employee is not entitled for any pay or allowance. If the employee fails to report to duty on the specified date after the sanctioned LWP, it would be treated as absconding from work. The Line Manager should report such absence to the HR department. A notification will be sent to the employee to report the cause. If the absence without intimation continues beyond five consecutive working days without notification, such an employees name may be struck off the rolls of the Company. LWP can be implicated on disciplinary grounds with regard to attendance by the management regardless to the availability of the other types of leave. LWP up to 15 days in a Leave Year may be approved to an employee for undertaking academic pursuits or to accommodate any other significant life event. Suchleave will be approved by the Department Head of the employee, upon the recommendation of the Line manager, in consultation with HR. A maximum of 3 months of LWP in a Leave Year can be approved to an employee on grounds of prolonged sickness/ supporting immediate family member who needs medical diagnosis, care, or treatment of an illness, injury, or health condition. Respective Department Head will recommend any such case for approval to the HR Head and MD Group CEO of the Company for due approval. This will need to be accompanied with an adequate reason along with any supporting documents viz; Doctors certificate etc. Family member includes an eligible employees child, spouse, parent, sibling and spouses, parent or sibling. The organization has been in news during the recent years with complete focus on the employee oriented policies of the company. Line Managers are responsible for monitoring the attendance of their reportees, approving leave and flexi-hours facility. The flexi-hours facility will be at the sole discretion of the Line Manager. For BSE team, Line Managers will ensure that any absence on part of their reportee is documented and is given to HR department for record keeping. For all other processes, HR will use access control data to review attendance record and ensure absence is documented. In case of any exigency, Line Manager will notify HR. All approvals should be given keeping in mind the needs of the employee and business interests. Human Resources department (HRD) will ensure recording of leave by employees and providing payroll inputs accordingly. Finance department will process payroll as per the attendance inputs given by HRD with regard to attendance (Duhigg, 2012). Period of LWP that extends beyond 15 days will not be counted in the service period for the purpose of bonus payout. Conclusion Since the respective states Shop Establishment Act allows to accumulate only such number of leaves as are prescribed under the said Act and the new Leave Policy is aligned with the said Act, the Company has decided to give a one-time encashment of excess accumulated paid leaves in recognition of its employees commitment towards the growth of the Company and as a token of gratitude. Pursuant to new Leave Policy, the employee will be allowed to accumulate and carry forward only such number of paid leaves those are permitted under the said Act. For further details, you are advised to refer the Leave Policy along with the schedule attached thereto. Flexi-hours facility which enables the employee to observe different work timings than the regular work timing. Exercising Flexi working hours is based on the agreement between employee and Line Manager as addressed in the Work Arrangement Policy (Apple Incorporation-WAP), as long as it is used responsibly and serves good to the employee and the organization. It can be revisited at any point in time or not, depending upon operational requirements. References: Duhigg, C., Barboza, D. (2012). In China, human costs are built into an iPad.New York Times,25 Hannah, D. R., Robertson, K. (2015). Why and how do employees break and bend confidential information protection rules?.Journal of Management Studies,52(3), 381-413 Heracleous, L., Papachroni, A. (2012). Strategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc.case study. Coventry: Warwick Business School Kim, S. H., Shin, I. S., Cho, K. H., Kim, D. H., woo Lee, J., Choi, I. M. (2014). An Efficient Method for Developing SNP Markers Based on NGS Data Combined with High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Apple Flesh Color Identification Krombholz, K., Hobel, H., Huber, M., Weippl, E. (2015). Advanced social engineering attacks.Journal of Information Security and applications,22, 113-122 Ramaswamy, V., Ozcan, K. (2016). Brand value co-creation in a digitalized world: An integrative framework and research implications.International Journal of Research in Marketing,33(1), 93-106. Richtel, M., Chen, B. X. (2014). Tim Cook-Making Apple His Own.New York Times, Technology,15 Tran, M. (2014). Apple and Facebook Offer to Freeze Eggs for Female Employees.The Guardian,15 Wasylyshyn, K. M., Shorey, H., Chaffin, J. (2012). Patterns of leadership behaviour: Implications for successful executive coaching outcomes.The Coaching Psychologist,8(2), 74-85

Recovery by Eminem free essay sample

The album, Recovery, was one of the best albums I’ve ever bought. It’s an amazing cd filled with inspiration and experiences that I can’t even imagine. Eminem pairs up with many different artists on this album which is probably why it was so different from any of his others. His album was number one on the billboards for two weeks when it debuted, making it the second most selling album of 2010. â€Å"And to the fans, Ill never let you down again, Im back I promise to never go back on that promise, in fact Lets be honest, that last Relapse CD was ehhhh Perhaps I ran them accents into the ground.† -Not Afraid As you read through those lines, you can tell Eminem was ready to make a change when he did. His old songs were considered to be rude and suggestive. To be honest, I was not a fan of his then. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovery by Eminem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would not listen to him, I would tell people he’s never going to change, his music will always be the lame perverted stuff it is now. Well, he totally proved me wrong. Releasing â€Å"Not Afraid† as his first single was an excellent idea. It showed his fans and other music listeners that he was trying to do better and become a better musician. In an interview Eminem talks about his pervious album, Relapse, â€Å"I felt like I did a lot of growing up, and I don’t really feel like the last album really reflected where I was mentally.† He says. He shows more emotion then he ever has before in this album, with his crazy good lyrics and catchy beats, I believe Marshall Mathers has truly proved himself.

Character Analysis Chen in Final Exam Essay Example

Character Analysis Chen in Final Exam Essay Example Character Analysis Chen in Final Exam Essay Character Analysis Chen in Final Exam Essay The only source of knowledge is experience.† Einstein, Albert In order to become a well-rounded human being, lack of perspectives is the only thing preventing you from experiencing life to the fullest. Experiencing difficulties, positive moments and traumatic events make you grow as a person; they make you more knowledgeable. Being open-minded will allow new skills to be learned and later on shared with others. This much relates to the book, Final Exam and how Chen transforms in the book from ignorance to knowledge; also from false view of the world to correct view. â€Å"Prior to that September, the only time I had seen a dead person was at the funeral of my Agong, my maternal grandfather.† (4) Chen just made the transition from pre-medical to a neophyte medical student. Chen heard stories and watched television shows about what medical school was like, but nothing was like living and aggressing through the experience itself. Chen’s first obstacle she faced was dissecting the cadaver and having to memorize the dead body in such i ntimate detail. Chen, just like other medical students, were very afraid of this task. Chen knew the reporcussions of performing this task and continued with it anyways. For Chen, the memorizing of all of the anatomical terms and body parts would be the easy obstacle to surmount. Everyone had a very real fear of death, they never experienced such a thing and never interacted with a dead human to this extent. After all, Chen wanted to become a doctor to save lives. She wanted to make a difference in the medical field and it was her dying wish to be able to save more lives then sacrifice. â€Å"To complete the initiation rite successfully, however, we need to learn to separate out emotional self from our scientific self..† (8) This, indeed, would be the next obstacle in Chen’s early medical career. For this to be successfully completed, you need to categorize the bodies as one of the past; not the present

Inflecting OK

Inflecting OK Inflecting OK Inflecting OK By Maeve Maddox A reader stumbled on the word OKing in the following: Owners of eight rooftop clubs abutting Wrigley Field sued to overturn city approval of the $375 million plan to rebuild the aging ballpark, saying the city broke its own rules in OKing the plan and effectively deprived them of their property rights without due process. After a moment, the reader figured out that OKing was the present participle inflection of OK. NOTE: an inflection is a variation in the spelling of a word to indicate a change in case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, or comparison. OK is inflected as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, OK is used in the plural as well as in the singular. As a verb, it is inflected to show person, number, and tense. A glance at usage in various publications quickly shows disagreement as to how to spell and inflect this indispensable word: Noun: Judge gives her preliminary  OK Is it Okay for My Cat to Have Milk? Get the estimates, then notify the receivers for  their OKs. We soon had inspectors come and give the house all of  their ok’s  and ratings. Verb (Past Tense): Highlights of gun  bill OK’d  by Massachusetts House   Bill delaying plans to move disabled from institutions OKed by NJ Assembly Cyber Bill okayed by US Senate committee; faces uphill struggle Verb (Present Participle): U.S. heading toward OKing more ‘Roundup-Ready’ genetically engineered farm acreage EPA rules on sulfur in gasoline, okaying guns in Indiana school parking lots What help do the authorities offer? The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a rule in any of its numbered sections for spelling or inflecting OK, but it does use the spelling OK in some of its examples. And in its question and answer feature, an editor declares that okay is a standard â€Å"equal variant† of OK. Three of my dictionaries–the OED, Merriam-Webster (M-W), and the Australian Concise Oxford (OA)–show OK as the preferred spelling and okay as an acceptable alternative. My Oxford Canadian Current English (OCC) gives okay as the main entry and OK as an alternative spelling. Here is their take on the inflections of OK as a verb: OED: Present participle OKing or OKing; past tense and past participle OKed, OK-ed, OKed. M-W: OKd or okayed; OKd or okayed; OKing or okaying; OKs or okays OA: OK’s, OK’d, OK’ing OCC: okays or OK’s, okayed or OK’d, okaying or OK’ing Finally, The AP Stylebook does not mess about with alternatives. Here’s the AP rule on inflections for the verb OK: OK, OK’d, OK’ing, OKs. Do not use okay. Bottom line: If you have a stylebook, follow it. If you have a choice, choose the inflected forms that make the most sense to you. Having made your choice, be consistent. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsWhat's a Male Mistress?Honorary vs. Honourary

Caves Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caves - Assignment Example Even when getting inside a cave on foot, it’s not always safe. For example, de Villa Luz cave in Mexico which has a white-colored water inside, is full of unhealthy gases, specifically hydrogen sulfide which only bats, which live very up, near the cave’s ceiling can survive. Even when getting inside a quite safe cave, it seems to be a great danger. As well as the most of Earth surface, caves are made from rocks, particularly from a limestone. Limestone can be deformed, mostly by flowing water, but still it’s a hard rock and cave visitors can crash themselves, or damage the equipment. Maybe risk worth it, when discovering new wonderful places and filming a documentary program to show to other people, but it’s odd to see how people risk their lives for a delicious soup. Yet there are caves in Asia, where birds named cave swiftlets live. They build nests, and people risk their lives to get those nests and use for a specific soup cooking. Except birds, caves are highly populated with insects. The cave food chain generally, looks very disgusting. For example, there are caves in Mexico with cave’s floor almost made of beats. Those beats feed by eating bats’ excrements, or simply by eating dead bats. Another disgusting example can be found in Waitomo caves. Those caves look very beautiful when taking a panorama view. It’s dark there and millions of glowing dots are shining in darkness, like it’s a starry night. Yet in fact, they are glowing worms that do the shining. From their slim they make nets, generally looking like draperies. It’s a worms’ way to catch a food, primary insects. Remarkably, how beautiful those draperies look from a distant view and how disgusting they are when looking closely. Yet not all cave creatures are so disgusting. There are beautiful crabs, angel fishes and blind salamanders which live

Important Symbols in the play Trifles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Important Symbols in the play Trifles - Essay Example Generally, the setting of the play is somewhat focused in the kitchen and the staff. The kitchen stuff is irritably prescribed by men as worthless. Furthermore, there are other things in the kitchen including sewing box, shawl, apron and quilt. These paraphernalia then wonder whether Mrs. Wright is going to not or quilt her half-finished quilt. Susan Glaspell uses symbolism as device to highlight certain issues that afflict women. Additionally, Glaspell ingeniously uses this symbolic feature to bring to the limelight the view and perceptions that men have toward women (Glanspell 45). This point, therefore, brings to us how careful Glaspell was in choosing her characters. Her female characters make us see that men assume that women more often than not, worry unnecessarily about worthless and or unimportant issues. This kind cynicism concludes that it’s only men who associate themselves with important matters that will never across the minds of women, or slip out of their mouths while they are discussing. Come to think of it, the male characters spend in the whole play searching for solutions to solve a murder case. Ironically, however, it is the two female characters, Mrs. Hale and Peters, that is, who finally get the evidence and solve resolutely the murder case, not the two men. Canary bird in the cage is one of symbol that Glaspell brilliantly uses in his play. For one thing, this canary bird represents Mrs. Wright herself and her heart. The bad is capable of singing sonorously, as Mrs. Wright singed in the church before getting married to her husband Mr. Wright. Come to think of it, she is the bird, caged and confined like a prisoners to woes. Mr. Wright is perfect character who represents the cynicism of men who believe that they rightly own women, and that they have well full control over women. Additionally, Mr. Wright represents the notions of men who think that women have no brains at all, to think correctly. For, instance, the manner in which th e name â€Å"Wright† is written connotes that men always think that they are always right, and that they always think wisely (Glanspell 68). Mr. Wright, sardonic act of killing Canary symbolizes that it is right to murder his wife, Minnie’s personality and freedom. Ideally, the bird before it was killed was associated with peace and freedom. Conversely, after Minnie was married to Mr. Wright, she is hardly seen getting out of the house, and stopped singing in the church. Furthermore, she was no longer known as Minnie, but as Mrs. Wright. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters eventually find out that the real killer of Mr. Wright is his wife. It is at this point that the two women understood Minnie humiliation over staying in place where there is no freedom. For one thing, Minnie wanted a child, but her husband could not allow it to happen. The killing of Mr. Wright symbolizes that women can stay independently without men. The dirty kitchen is also symbolic. To be true, the dirty k itchen offers a symbolic explanation of the messiness of the kitchen. Ideally, the dirtiness of the kitchen also offers a symbolic interpretation of something. It represents that Mrs. Wright Minnie was now liberal. She was not going ever to wait for anyone. She too was no going to ever fear anyone. We also see that the two women, Mrs. Hale, and Mrs. Peters being protective of Mrs. Wright. The two women rose up for Mrs. Wright when she was point blankly criticized for having a dirty kitchen. The two women bravely affirmed that men fail to keep their hands as

Humanitarian Neutrality Essay Example for Free

Humanitarian Neutrality Essay International humanitarian work operates on the principle of inviolability (Anderson 42). Humanitarian organizations and workers can gain access to states, establish presence through a physical base and local networks, and provide aid and other humanitarian services needed by people without experiencing harm or infringement by claiming inviolability as the moral basis of humanitarian work. This principle finds support from the operation of neutral position, impartial action and independent organization. Neutral position means that humanitarian organizations and workers take an apolitical stand when providing aid or assistance in another country (Weller par. 10). Impartial action refers to the provision of assistance to populations or groups based on a set of objective criteria designed to meet this purpose. Independent organization pertains to the decision-making and operation of humanitarian organizations and the conduct of their work without any intervention by external parties. Attacks by terrorist groups on humanitarian workers (Leaning 419) and the bombing of the ICRC headquarters in Iraq shook the inviolability of international humanitarian work (Anderson 42). A justification is the emergence of neutrality issues that affects inviolability. There is need to reassess neutrality and update this concept to represent current developments in international humanitarian work. Concept of Neutrality The origin of neutrality is the Latin term neuter literally translated to mean not either. This implies the existence of two positions or sides and being neutral means not taking any of the positions or sides. When applied to politics, neutral means abstaining from taking one side or the other such as in the case war between two states. This also refers to the state of not having any feelings or views leaning towards one position relative to the other. In international humanitarian work, neutrality then means the provision of assistance without taking part in conflict or war and siding one power in political disputes. (Leaning 418) This also means the provision of assistance to the people of a foreign country without doing anything that constitutes support to the cause or position of one party in cases of political conflict or war (Weller par. 10). Another conceptualization of neutrality in international humanitarian work is pure humanitarian relief by not leaning towards any side over political issues (Anderson 42). The clarification of the concept of neutrality in international humanitarian work is not lacking in effort from the United Nations and non-government organizations. Decades of work in developing a working concept of neutrality continues. This is not an easy task. The idea of neutrality continues to evolve with developments in international humanitarian work. The most compelling development is the involvement of humanitarian organizations and workers in political sides whether this is with their conscious knowing or not. The incident of abduction of humanitarian workers is on the rise with terrorist organizations or dissident groups using humanitarian workers to strengthen their political stand (Leaning 419). Humanitarian organizations positioned in Iraq supporting the rebuilding of the state received strong criticism from anti-western groups in Iraq for being involved in the political exercise of the United States (Anderson 42). These developments are inconsistent with the existing conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality. These also support the need to reconsider the concept of neutrality and its workings in humanitarian aid. Emerging Issues on the Concept of Neutrality The issues on the concept of neutrality encompass its definition and significance or role in international humanitarian work. The confusion and uncertainty about humanitarian neutrality requires resolution to strengthen the shaky foundation of international humanitarian work. One issue is the uncertainty in the conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality in the context of conflict situations (Leaning 419). This led to different positions over what humanitarian neutrality means and over its importance to humanitarian work. One position considers humanitarian neutrality as a core value in doing humanitarian work because it provides the framework distinguishing the nature of work and motivation in providing humanitarian aid (Leaning 418). Without the operation of humanitarian neutrality, organizations and workers providing humanitarian aid lose their purpose as apolitically aiding or assisting victims of humanitarian crisis. The collapse of humanitarian neutrality would make humanitarian organizations and workers agents of state actors or advocates of dissident and terrorist groups. However, even proponents recognize problems in the concept of humanitarian neutrality. This is in conflict with impartiality. While neutrality means inaction, non-involvement, or non-participation, impartiality means action with objective guidance. Objective action has different implications from inaction. (Weller par. 9-11) This could explain the instability of the inviolability of humanitarian work in the context of conflict. The other position considers humanitarian neutrality as passe in the current context. In the present context of humanitarian work, access and work in a state in conflict with external or internal parties involve conditions that become inevitably political by the conflict. Some organizations no longer use humanitarian neutrality and replace this with non-partisan (Leaning 419) stand to reflect their intention not to participate in conflict or war. This emerged from the recognition that humanitarian neutrality does not exist in the reality of humanitarian work because the provision of assistance depends on the parties involved in the conflict or war. Another replacement for humanitarian neutrality is civilian protection with components of protection of human rights and provision of relief (Leaning 419). Protection is not neutral because this operates relative to a party or threat. Provision of relief has basis on objective standards that could mean giving more aid to a particular group involved in the conflict. Another issue is the relativity (Anderson 42; Weller par. 12) of perspectives over the humanitarian neutrality of organizations and workers. This caused and constituted an outcome of the uncertainty in the conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality. The uncertain conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality led to the varying definition and incorporation into standards of action for different non-government organizations, with some organizations limiting their work to humanitarian aid in line with neutrality while others expanded their work to civilian protection in recognition of the ineffectiveness in practicing neutrality given changes in the context of humanitarian work (Leaning 419). This in turn further led to the erosion of the concept of humanitarian neutrality. Many state and non-state actors involved in conflict carry varied views towards humanitarian organizations. The susceptibility of humanitarian organizations to political actions led to the provision of access and inviolability based on the perceived possible political leanings of organizations (Weller par. 12) such as the booting out or the forced leave of American humanitarian organizations in North Korea and Iraq respectively because of ties to the United States. Conclusion Developments in the environment of international humanitarian work support the need to reconsider the concept of humanitarian neutrality. One is the need to redevelop or even overhaul the concept of humanitarian neutrality to make it align with the current context of humanitarian work. The other is the need to develop a widely accepted and recognized standard of practice to counter relativity. These are difficult and involve the contribution of humanitarian organizations. Works Cited Anderson, Kenneth. â€Å"Humanitarian Inviolability in Crisis: The Meaning of Impartiality and Neutrality for U. N. and NGO Agencies Following the 2003–2004 Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts. † Harvard Human Rights Journal 17(2004): 41-47. Leaning, Jennifer. â€Å"The Dilemma of Neutrality. † Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22. 5 (2007): 418-421. Weller, Marc. â€Å"The Relativity of Humanitarian Neutrality and Impartiality. † The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance February (1998): 54 pars. 29 April 2009 http://jha. ac/1998/02/28/the-relativity-of-humanitarian-neutrality-and-impartiality/

Interstellar Pig :: essays research papers

Barney, a teenage boy, and his parents rent a summer cabin in Dunstable. Him and his parents are staying in a house that belonged to Captain Latham. Captain Latham had a trading ship when Dunstable was an important port. The captain’s stupid younger brother was a sailor on his ship. And he went crazy and was locked in the front bedroom where barney sleeps for 20 years. When the Captain was out in the South Pacific they picked up a shipwrecked sailor. The guy they rescued bunked with the crazy brother. And the next morning the sailor was dead the brother had strangled him. The crazy brother was sentenced to be keelhauled but he did not die was just permently brain damaged. And clawed around the windows for the rest of his life. They realize from Ted (the guy the are renting the house from) that their neighbors wanted this cabin a lot but Barney and his parents ended up getting it. When Barney meets his neighbors he thinks that they are a little bit weird but his parents don’t think that they are too bad of people in fact they sort of like them. Barney describes them as animal like the way they move and that they seem to be fasenated in the sky and water. Barney is observing the neighbors and states that they had a purplish cast in the fading light, which is strange because humans aren’t purple unless there defective. After several hours Zena knocks on the front door and barney describes her eye color as deep lavender. His neighbors also have a strange game they play that’s called Interstellar Pig. Their neighbors are about in their mid-twenties there is one girl, Zena, and two boys, Joe and Manny. Barney is rummaging threw the neighbors house when they leave to try and find out why they are so interested in the house and why they just stopped and was like in a trance when they saw the markings on the window. Barney finds some old document when he is searching threw their house and finds out that these neighbors wanted his house because there is some hidden secret in it, which Barney doesn’t have a clue what it is till he is looking at the scratch marks around the window and relies that they point to a large boulder at the southern tip of the island.

Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells

Katrina Samborski Honors English 1100 Dr. Nicole Caswell November 10, 2012 Advancement of Medical Research from HeLa Cells HeLa simply stands for Henrietta Lacks, a young mother in the 1951 who went to the doctor complaining of vaginal bleeding and discovered she had cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells were taken for a biopsy and were found to be like nothing ever seen before; her cells were immortal. Her cancer cells double every 20 to 24 hours and have lived on for the past 60 years. Since HeLa cells were created, our world of modern medicine has been completely changed.We now vaccines for once incurable diseases and have used the cells for cloning and other biomedical research. Although the cells have done a great deal of good, they have also caused substantial harm to Henrietta Lacks, her family, and potential trial research participants. Therefore, though some may think it was ethically wrong of Henrietta Lacks’ doctors to not inform her that they were using her cel ls, she is the reason we have been able to save thousands of lives. It was at Johns Hopkins Hospital when Dr.Gey, a prominent cancer and virus researcher, discovered Henrietta’s cells were immortal. Since cancer cells will die outside the body without the right mix of chemicals, Dr. Gey created the roller tube. This contraption held glass tubes containing samples in nutrient-rich fluids, turned slowly – sometimes just two revolutions an hour, exposing the cells to just the right mix of air and nutrients. When Henrietta’s cells were placed in this device, they never stopped dividing. While their research value is unquestioned, the tumor cells had created havoc in Henrietta Lacks' body.Skloot recounts the lab technician Mary Kubicek who was present at the autopsy. â€Å"The tumors had completely blocked her urethra, leaving doctors unable to pass a catheter into her bladder to empty it. Tumors the size of baseballs had nearly replaced her kidneys, bladder, ovarie s and uterus. And her other organs were so covered in small white tumors it looked as if someone had filled her with pearls† (Williams). Although her cells are cancerous, HeLa cells share many traits with normal cells, making them useful in studying protein synthesis, the human genome and how viruses work. Dr.Gey sold the cells to researchers around the world, who used them to develop a variety of medicines. HeLa cells were the first to travel into space in an unmanned satellite to see if humans could survive zero gravity. â€Å"This cell line is used all around the world and revolutionized cell biology because they grew so well in culture, said William Earnshaw, principal research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cell Biology. â€Å"They yielded a huge amount of information,† Earnshaw said (Sharp). In the early 1950s, the world experienced the biggest polio pandemic in history.Jonas Salk devised the world's first polio vaccine, but testing it would r equire huge supplies of live cells that, at the time, would have involved the sacrifice of thousands of monkeys. HeLa cells proved to be technically more suitable for testing, and much less expensive and messy, than using monkeys. Moreover, HeLa cells grew virtually anywhere and on any surface, including while floating on liquid. A HeLa mass production and distribution center was therefore established at the Tuskegee Institute, ironically at exactly the same time that the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study on black subjects was being carried out.Soon HeLa cells were to enable the first disaggregation of chromosomes, numerous discoveries from genetic and viral studies, and the first-ever cloning of a cell, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and much, much more. (Ncayiyana) HeLa cells have had a positive influence on medicine in many ways including with giving us knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and HPV18-positive. HeLa cells have been linked to changes in microRNA e xpression. Since HPV18 has been associated with very aggressive adenocarcinomas, this finding may explain why Dr.Gey was surprised by the prolific growth of HeLa cells in culture. Routine Papanicolaou smear screening may not detect rapidly progressive cervical carcinomas; the new HPV vaccine holds the promise of preventing these tumors. (Hutchins). The problem of possible contamination of other long-term cultured tumor cell lines with HeLa cells not only caused an international embarrassment, but also raised the concern of misattributing a specific property so another cell line, for example, a virus or a tumor-specific marker, which actually belongs to HeLa.With the continued and growing use of tissue culture in biochemist research, intra- and interspecific contamination becomes a significant risk. The determination of stable genetic markers on cultured cells is a powerful tool for monitoring such contamination. Recent experiments in which cultured cells and innumerable clones of so matic cell hybrids have been used for genetic analysis have shown that, with the proper use of polymorphic markers to characterize the cells, the possibility of undetected cross contamination of cultures is no longer the problem it once may have been.Therefore, in an effort to clarify the characteristics of the HeLa cell and establish its probable genotype for better-known polymorphisms, we studied HLA and other markers, in the surviving husband and children of Henrietta Lacks. (Hsu) Not only were there several negative effects for Henrietta Lacks, but the general public has found flaws with HeLa cells as well. The Drug Information Association sponsored a workshop that brought together people who deal with facilitating or regulating the collection of clinical specimens for genetic analyses to complement drug trials.Genetic studies of clinical samples have for years had to negotiate a tricky path through informed consent, confidentiality, and regulatory-oversight, but according to a couple of speakers who noted the Henrietta Lacks story, the 19 months since the book's publication have made some people even more wary of this research. â€Å"I think it was disconcerting to people who are not used to thinking about how specimens are handled, that their specimens could outlive them,† said the meeting's main organizer and chair, Amelia Wall Warner, Ph. D. who heads clinical pharmacogenomics and clinical specimen management for the drug company Merck. The Skloot book seems to be creating a lot of conversation, with patients often asking for a menu of consent that large-scale trials with many thousands of patients can't accommodate, she noted. (Zoler) Although there are accusations against doctors and corporations that bought these cells stating they did so without Henrietta Lacks’ consent, we owe our world of modern medicine to her. Her cells allowed us to research and experiment countless diseases and opened the door to learn about the human enome and cancer cells. Dr. Gey said, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. † It was the best of times for science in that this very peculiar tumor gave rise to the HeLa cell line, which has been available for the various studies referred to by others. For Mrs. Lacks and the family she left behind, it was the worst of times. Scientific progress and indeed progress of all kinds is often made at great cost, such as the sacrifice made by Henrietta Lacks† (Jones). While her family has yet to be compensated, HeLa cells continue to be used everyday in the medical field.Works Cited: Ncayiyana, Daniel J. â€Å"The extraordinary story of the life after death of Henrietta Lacks. †Ã‚  South African Medical Journal  101. 3 (2011): 141. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Grover M. Hutchins, Brendan P. Lucey, and Walter A. Nelson-Rees. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 133. 9  (Sept. 2009)  p1463. Word Count: 4083. Jones HW Jr â₠¬â€œÃ‚  Am J Obstet Gynecol  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 01-JUN-1997; 176(6): S227-8 MEDLINE ® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record   Susan H.Hsu, Bernice Z. Schacter, Nancy L. Delaney, Thomas B. Miller, Victor A. McKusick, R. H. Kennett, J. G. Bodmer, D. Young and W. F. Bodmer Science  , New Series, Vol. 191, No. 4225 (Jan. 30, 1976), pp. 392-394 Published by:  American Association for the Advancement of Science Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1741942 Mitchel Zoler. Internal Medicine News. 44. 17  (Oct. 15, 2011)  p63. Word Count: 433. Williams, Nigel. â€Å"Prize For the HeLa Cell Story. †Ã‚  Current Biology  20. 23 (2010): n. ag. Sciverse. com. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Manfuso, Jamie, and Stephanie Desmon. â€Å"Honoring the Henrietta Lacks Legacy at Hopkins. †Ã‚  Hopkins Medicine Magazine. Johns Hopkins, 20 May 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Hepworth, Jeri, PhD. â€Å"Advocacy for Henrietta Lacks and Family Medicine. † Editorial. Fam ily Medicine  Sept. 2011: 595-96. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Sharp, Rob. Life and afterlife of a women who will live for ever. The Independent. November 10 2010. Web. Nov 12 2012.

Taxation in the United Kingdom

Criteria of differentiate employment and self-employment Laid down some factors and tests by the courts, over the years, which are relevant may be useful to determine the nature of a contract. Right of Control The engaged has a right to control the employee but it is not necessarily must be used in practice. This kind of control usually used by engaged to control when and/or were the employee perform his/her services, how it is perform, and what tasks has to be performed but in some kind of work (where employee is an expert) this control will not be important.Under the self- employment the person who perform the work is usually free to choose when and where to do so. Financial Risk The main distinction in financial risk between employee and self-employment person is that the second one is ready to risk own money by buying a materials needed to perform the work, and also paying for overheads and bearing the running costs. The employed person not bear any expenses related to the conduc t of economic activity. If any of additional cost in case of job overruns will be required the self-employed person must bear them on win risk.Equipment In this situation self-employed person might have to buy assets and equipment to perform particular job which has to be done. The employee is getting everything under the contract. Work performance and correction Also the engaged will be expected from the employee certain hours of work performed daily or weekly, and at the engaged premises, but it is possible to make an agreement between them to work flexible hour at the places accepted by both sides.If any correction will be required for the work done, self-employed person has to make that correction with no additional payment ND in own time, but employed person is still able to make that correction within the work time. Holidays and sickness The employee has a right to go for a holiday or take a sickness with no threat that that time won't be paid (paid leave), the same situation for self-employed means that these days will be unpaid. Exclusivity That means the employee is hired by one only employer, and he/she is an integral part of the business.In self employment the person has usually more than one client and the person is not integral part of client business. 3. Concussions According to above tests and factors, which were applied to the case study, inclusions arises that Kathy should be treated by HOME as an employee rather than self employed. UK income TAX In I. J tax system we can define certain kind taxes into groups: direct taxes and indirect taxes. A. Direct taxes are charged on income, profits and we can to enumerate most important: income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance and corporation tax. B. Indirect taxes, e. G.VAT are charged Of spending and it is added to the price of the product or service bought. 1 Taxable person Individuals who are resident in the UK for a tax year are generally charged to income tax on all their income for the year. T here are two exceptions to this general rule: A. Some forms of income are exempt from income tax B. UK residents whose home is not permanently in the UK to the extent that the income is remitted to the ASK. 4. Tax year Tax year for individuals also might be referred to as fiscal years or years of assessments and it runs from 6 April to the following 5 April.Any changes to the tax system are usually take a n effect from the start of next tax year. They are proposed in the annual Budget speech. 5. Self assessment Self assessment effects those who get sent a tax return or request a tax turn and particular it applies to the following groups of people: self employed, business partners, company directors, employee or pensioner with complied tax affairs, trustees. Individual's liability for a tax year must be assessed if there is not possible to collect full liability for a tax year deducted at source or PAYEE system.In this situation that person at first must complete ‘self assessme nt tax return'. Taxpayer has to complete tax return and the amount of tax due and may be calculated by him/her and then check by HOME, or this calculation might be made by HOME if taxpayer prefer to do so. Self assessment tax return has a 6 pages basic document and might be added supplementary pages if needed for purposes of tax payer. There is a available shorter tax return documents which have got 4 pages and it contains simpler tax affairs.There is also a possibility to file tax return electronically by the HOME website. Tax return filling and summation dates are as follows: A. For paper returns – 31 October following the end of the tax year B. For electronically returns – 31 January following the end of the tax year It has to complete in full and taxpayer cannot omit any figures. 6. Payment dates First payment on accounts (POP) must be made by 31 January of the tax year. Second payment On accounts has to be made by 31 July next following tax year and final balancin g payment or refund is made by 31 January.This is also first payment on accounts of the following tax year. 7. Procedures involved in application of surcharges, interests and penalties PENALTIES – TAX RETURN A. Penalties for late submission of tax return depends from length of being late and they are as follows: 1 day late El 00 and applies even when the tax own has been pair or there is no tax to pay 3 months late or each of the following day is E 10, up to 90 days Max IEEE 6 months late whichever will be higher IEEE or 5% of the amount due 12 months late whichever will be higher DEED or 5% of the amount due.When it is serious case the tax payer might rise up to 100% of amount due instead If any of documents submitted to HOME by a taxpayer leads to understatement of the amount tax due and it is because of careless or deliberate then single penalty applies. This is expressed as a percentage of potential lost revenue as follows: A. 100% if inaccuracy is ‘concealed and de liberate' B. 70% in case that inaccuracy was ‘deliberate but not concealed ‘ C. In all other cases the percentage is 30%, also 30% if person liable to notify HOME Of under-assessment has failed to do so.

Knowledge management systems

Knowledge management systems Introduction With the rapid advancement in technology, managers have realised the essence of information technology in enhancing the performance of their organization (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 2005).. It is with regards to this that the concept of knowledge management systems, a paradigm of knowledge management (KM) has increased in popularity for the last several years (Stewart, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Knowledge management systems incorporates knowledge management (KM) and information technology (IT) to enhance the process of creation, development, utilization, transfer and storage of information within an organization. This paper therefore shall expound on literature in knowledge management systems and information technology to determine the theories and concepts that are present in the field. Literature Review Different scholars have develope d different systems that can be used to classify data, knowledge and information. Vance (1997) came up with a hierarchical system of classification that has been adopted by many scholars in the field of information technology. The importance of knowledge in an organization has been stressed with respect to this hierarchical classification of data, information and knowledge presented by Vance (1997). Thus, knowledge originates from personal information that has been stored in the minds of individuals. This information is useful in the process of generating facts, procedures and concepts and decisions to enhance the overall performance of an organization (Fahey and Prusak, 2008). Knowledge management has always been viewed as an integral component of the overall success of an organization. Managers usually integrate this concept to improve the level of operation of their organization to achieve a competitive edge over rivals within the industries in which their organizations operate i n. This is because, knowledge management is a tool that improves the innovation and responsiveness of an organization (Glazer, 1998). The operation of knowledge management systems is based on information technology (IT) (Machlup, 2010). The aim of these systems is to ensure that the process of information and knowledge creation within an organization is effective and efficient. IT plays a critical role in the development and support of knowledge management systems. As Alavi and Leidner (2001) asserted, the basis of knowledge management system is based on information technology. As such, IT supports the process of knowledge management in a number of ways. For instance, an organization can search for a specialist in a given field by utilizing information found on online directories and stored databases.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through IT, organizations can al so share information and enhance its operations through virtual teams, reviewing information from previous projects stored on a database. An organization can also have a clear understanding of the needs of its clients by critically analyzing and evaluating stored transactions data. With these examples, it will be difficult to clearly point out the role of IT in supporting knowledge management as its use is diversified. In addition to this, it is also impossible to develop a specific technology to support the process of knowledge management within an organization (Holtshouse, 2009). However, Alavi and Leidner (2001) narrowed down the application of IT in knowledge management to the following three areas: Coding and sharing of data Development of corporate directories Development of knowledge links and networks Coding and Sharing Of Data Coding and sharing of data that promote best practices within an organization has been one of the main areas in which IT has been used to enhance t he process of knowledge management (Spender, 2006). This process is mainly achieved through internal benchmarking. Here, information regarding the best practices that have been reported to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of operations are stored and shared among individuals and different departments within an organization. This ensures that the knowledge with regards to the best practices is made available to all hence boosting the performance of individuals and improving the overall performance of the firm. With this in place, the operations of a firm shall be conducted in an effective and efficient manner increasing level of profitability and the ease at which an organization can achieve its short term and long-term goals and objectives. Development of Corporate Directories IT also plays a critical role in supporting knowledge management by enhancing the process of developing corporate directories. Retrieving stored data is one of the main challenges that organizations fa ce prompting the development of knowledge management. This is because most of the information in organizations is not stored properly hence retrieving them become a problem. In addition to this, most of the data found in organizations is not coded. This makes the task of retrieving and actually utilizing such information to benefit an organization to be difficult. Therefore, with the help of IT, coding of information via internal mapping expertise has ensured that firms are now able to retrieve information at ease.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has greatly reduced the level of repeated mistakes that came up as a result of the implementation of poor practices (Robertson et al, 2006). Instead, internal mapping has ensured that only best practices are retrieved and used to enhance the overall performance of an organization. Development of Knowledge Li nks and Knowledge Links Networks IT has also played a critical role in the development of knowledge networks via knowledge management systems. Knowledge networks are essential in sharing of information among individuals, departments and to a larger extent, different organizations. Chrysler is an example of an organization that greatly benefited from knowledge networks. According to Alavi and Leidner (2001), Chrysler faced a critical challenge after it modified its operations from functional to platform based organization units. In the process, the company realised that its operations would deteriorate unless suspension specialists would have an effective and reliable means of communication through which they will exchange and share ideas across various platforms (Alavi and Leidner, 2001). This led to the development of Tech Cul that enabled Chrysler to bring individuals together from different backgrounds. This system enabled virtual and face-to-face communications among professiona ls from different fields of expertise. It enabled people them to share ideas and come up with solutions to collective problems that they were facing. This ultimately improved the performance of the company by developing high quality products. From the discussions that have been presented in this paper, it is evident that information and knowledge are essential components of an organization. They play a critical role in enhancing the operations of an organization enabling it to achieve its short term and long-term goals and objectives. It is with regards to this that managers and scholars always emphasize on the importance of knowledge management. However, to ensure this practice is conducted in an effective and efficient manner, the process has incorporated IT through knowledge management systems to enhance the process of coding and sharing of data, development of corporate dictionaries and knowledge networks that improve the process of creating, developing, sharing and storing of k nowledge within an organization. Current Practice In the modern world, information technology has taken over all the aspects of our lives including the management of organizations. Most of the organizations in the world have adopted and incorporated the concept of information technology to improve their operations to meet the needs and desires of their customers and to stand at a competitive edge over their rivals. Knowledge management systems have been one of the facets of IT that firms have incorporated to manage the knowledge and information present in their systems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knowledge management has played an essential role in the process of storing and retrieving data. According to Spanbauer (2007), the operations of modern organizations are entirely based on the use of emails. Members of an organization use emails as the main form of communication and storage. However, Spanbauer (2007) goes ahead to state that the major problem with the use of emails it that it does not store data in a systematic way hence making it difficult to retrieve information whenever needed. It is with regards to this that organizations such as Garner have found it essential to use applications such as Customer Coversation System (CCS) and Illumo to enhance the process of data storage, sharing and retrieval within an organization. It is as a result of such data storage and retrieval systems that strategic and innovative discoveries have emerged from. Viagra, an erectile dysfunction drug was discovered through this process. During its early days, Viagra was used to suppress con ditions that led to heart failure. However, during its administration, nurses discovered that it had a side effect (erection on male patients). This side effect was recorded and stored. This information was later discovered by a doctor during a cross-data study and resulted in the development of a multi-billion dollar industry (Bushell, 2001). It is with regards to this that organizations in the modern word find it essential to systematically store and share information. Knowledge management systems are solutions to organizations that have to record, maintain, store, retrieve and share bulky datasets and information. Braue (2011) interviewed the lead construction engineer of Connect East, Barry King. Connect East had been contracted by the Victorian government to maintain Melbourne’s East Link toll road (Braue, 2011). To ensure that this process is conducted professionally in an effective and efficient manner, King and his team need to maintain the records of all assets to me et the requirements of enterprise asset management (EAM). This includes maintaining records for all the equipments, machineries, and spares that are used in the process of maintaining the road. Purchasing, depreciation and amortization records also need to be maintained. These records need to be presented to the Victorian government and other stakeholders in the company especially due to the fact that the project is almost nearing its completion. However, with the use of IBM’s Maximo, Connect East has been able to maintain systematic records. According to King, this tool has enabled the organization to achieve optimum performance with regards to effective record keeping thus reducing the operating costs (Braue, 2011). During its early years, social networks were viewed as platforms through which individuals can interact with their friends and family. However, with time, organizations have found it virtually impossible to operate without social network sites (Dancy et al, 2012 ). According to Dancy et al, organizations in the 21st century are using social media as a platform for developing, maintaining, retaining and sharing knowledge within the organization its self and with other stakeholders. Professionals in the field of information technology view social media as a means through which organizations can collaborate to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their services through knowledge retention and sharing (Amidon, 1997). Social media has enabled organizations to interact with people outside the domain of their operations and actually get first hand feedback on their operations and means through which they can enhance their services. It is with regards to this that most organizations have pages on social network sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, MySpace and so on. These pages enable them to have direct contact with their stakeholders especially their customers enabling them to understand their needs and preferences. Additionally, thr ough knowledge sharing, social media acts as platforms through which ideas on service improvement can be shared. It is thus evident that organizations in the modern world have embraced the importance of knowledge management systems. This is because most organizations in the world are using varies applications, tools and technologies to enhance the process of keeping, retrieving and sharing their records through platforms such as social media. This has in turn improved the effectiveness and efficiency of their operations ensuring that organizations achieve their operational goals and objectives and at the same time, stand at a competitive edge in their respective industries. Comparison of Literature and Current Practice Knowledge and information has been regarded as a key asset in any organization. It is with regards to this that organizations that create, store, retrieve, utilize and share knowledge in an effective and efficient manner stand at a competitive edge. This has increased the importance and emphasis of the incorporation of knowledge management systems in the operations of organizations. In practice, it has been identified that organizations utilize knowledge management systems to achieve this goal. For instance, the operations of modern organizations are entirely based on emails. However, to enhance the process in which information contained in emails can be stored, retrieved and utilized in a systematic manner, Spanbauer (2007) stated that organization are using applications and technologies such as CCS and Illumo. On the other hand, an organization such as Connect East has utilized knowledge management systems to ensure that its information is stored in a manner that it can be easily retrieved and presented to the contacting government and other shareholders. Finally, modern organizations are now using social media as a platform of interacting with shareholders and sharing knowledge. This has enhanced the services and products provided by firms as a result of information sharing. Conclusion It is always the goal of any manager to ensure that his/her organization is experiencing an exponential growth in value. However, in the modern era, the value of an organization is not mainly based on its tangible assets but by its intangible assets. Therefore, the information within an organization plays a critical role in enhancing its operations and dictating the growth patterns that it exhibits. This has led to the incorporation of the concept of knowledge management (KM) in the running and management of organizations. Knowledge is an essential asset that plays a critical role in ensuring the success of an organization in the short run and in the long run. It is with regards to this realization that organizations have found it essential to develop systems through the incorporation of information technology to ensure that information is stored in a systematic manner hence enabling easy retrieval and utilization to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization. Therefore, for organizations to ensure that their operations are effective and efficient, they need to embrace the concept of knowledge management system to achieve their set goals and objectives. References Alavi, M and Leidner, D 2001, ‘Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues’, MIS Quarterly, vol. 25 no. 1, pp. 107-136. Amidon, D 1997, Innovation Strategy for the Knowledge Economy : The Ken Awakening, Heinemann, London. Braue, C 2011, The challenges of asset management: Part one. Web. Bushell, S 2001, In the know. Web. Dancy, C, Busch, B and Howard, K 2012, IT service management going social. Web. Fahey, L and Prusak, L 2008, ‘The Eleven Deadliest Sins of Knowledge Management’, California Management Review, vol. 40 no. 3, pp. 265-276. Glazer, R 1998, ‘Measuring the Knower: Towards a Theory of Knowledge Equity’, California Management Review, vol. 40 no. 3, pp. 175-194. Holtshouse, D 2009, ‘Knowledge Research Issues’, California Management Review vol. 40 no. 3, pp. 277-280. Machlup, F 2010, Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution, and Economic Significance, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Nonaka, I and Takeuchi, H 2005, The Knowledge Creating Company, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Robertson, M, Swan, J, and Newell, S 2006, ‘The Role of Networks in the Diffusion of Technological Innovation’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 33 no. 2, pp. 335-361. Spanbauer, C 2007, Knowledge management 2.0. Web. Spender, J 2006, ‘Organizational Knowledge, Learning, and Memory: Three Concepts in Search of a Theory’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 63-78. Stewart, T 2007, Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, Nicholas Brealey, Chicago. Vance, D 1997, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom: The Epistemic Hierarchy and Computer Based Information System, Sa ge, New York.

A Collection of Funny Relationship Quotes

A Collection of Funny Relationship Quotes Funny situations occur when you have complicated relationships. Look around you, and youll see that chaotic relationship  sometimes lead to amusing situations. Movies are made about relationships gone bad or just beginning. When you go to a party, you can observe couples and tell which couple had a fight before coming to the party and which one will have a fight after the party.When relationships go sour, it helps to look at the funny side. Instead of being anxious about your love life, make a joke about it and move on. If you have been through heartbreak, laugh at your mistake. The quicker you bounce back, the easier you are able to move on  and develop new relationships. Here are funny relationship quotes that will put a smile on your face the next time you are feeling down over your relationship. Linda FestaThe most important thing in a relationship between a man and a woman is that one of them be good at taking orders.Erma BombeckMarriage has no guarantees. If that’s what you’re looking for, go live with a car battery.Frederick RyderWhen a man goes on a date, he wonders if he is going to get lucky. A woman already knows.Sarah DessenRelationships dont always make sense. Especially from the outside.Jonathan CarrollYou have to walk carefully in the beginning of love; the running across fields into your lovers arms can only come later when youre sure they wont laugh if you trip.Samuel GoldwynA bachelors life is no life for a single man.Mark Twain What would men be without women? Scarce, sir, mighty scarce.Bobby KeltonThe difference between being in a relationship and being in prison is that in prisons they let you play softball on the weekends.Agatha ChristieAn archeologist is the best husband any woman can have; the older she gets, the more interested he is in her .Glenn BeckRemember, beneath every cynic there lies a romantic, and probably an injured one.Benjamin FranklinKeep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterward.Laurence J. PeterIts better to have loved and lost than to do 40 pounds of laundry a week.Henry YoungmanSome people ask the secret of our long marriage. We take the time to go to a restaurant two times a week. A little candlelight, dinner, soft music and dancing. She goes Tuesdays; I go Fridays.Men are from Earth. Women are from Earth. Deal with it.Ronnie ShakesRelationships give us a reason to live. Revenge.Rita RudnerWhen I want to end a relationship I just say, You know, I love you. I want to marry you. I want to have your children. Sometimes they leave skid marks.Brendan FrancisA man is already halfway in love with any woman who listens to him.Jim BishopWatching your daughter being collected by her date feels like handing over a million dollar Stradivarius to a gorilla.Albert EinsteinWomen marry men hoping they will change. Men marry women hoping they will not. So each is inevitably disappointed.Jacqueline BissetIdeally, couples need three lives: one for him, one for her and one for them together.

Drucker - New Organizations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drucker - New Organizations - Article Example ill be a chief guiding force for the functioning and growth of the organization and information built up does not mean that organization needs a large data-processing capability. The new ways of information system generated through the application of computers will reduce the man power requirement. The raw data available through various means will be used to generate the information but the process itself will require knowledge. Knowledge is always a specialized discipline and that is why organization will need more and more specialists to convert available information into knowledge. Thus, knowledge-based organizations will, overtime, replace all command-and-control kind of business establishments. To convey his points about information based organization, Drucker has put forward the example of British Civil Administration, which was run in India during the period of eighteenth century through World War II without any need of middle management cadre. The whole of the India was governed by merely 1000 officers heading a district administration. It was totally a flat organization structure. The officer used to report directly to the provincial political secretary. Their being total nine provinces each political secretary had at least 100 administrative officers under him to manage the show. The officer used to send a detailed report to the secretary for all the assigned tasks, the achievements and discrepancies and the detailing about the opportunities and emerging threats in the ensuing period. Political secretary would also response with full comments for necessary guidance. Peter points out about the effectiveness of such system as an organization. What is noteworthy is that information based organizations look for simple and clear objectives. At times, there are a few common objectives for all that leads to actions and those objectives are carried out by specialists. Thus, information-based business is structured around goals and clearly defines expectations

Inclusive education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inclusive education - Essay Example Rather than viewing the situation in such a way, the educator would do better to view the ultimate diversity that such a situation could bring to the table and work to make it beneficial for all involved. Secondly, with regards to the perception that a teacher has with relation to a student with a disability, this has a prominent role with regards to whether the student himself/herself will achieve a level of success. In this way, the reader can be made intimately aware of the way in which perception of disability has a unique and powerful effect on the level of educational attainment that can be realized (Morsink, 1984). As such, the educator must be made aware of their engrained prejudices that exist so as to seek to identify these and work to lessen their effect on the application of education and the approaches that they exhibit both inwardly and outwardly with regards to the students with disabilities within their classroom. Not only is such an approach to disability disheartening to the child himself/herself, it also is oftentimes outwardly visible; although the educator may wish to conceal this, to the other students within the classroom. In this way, the preconceived notions of whether or not a student is able to integrate well with the other students, the course, and/or the material is oftentimes of far greater importance than whether or not the student is truly and innately capable of integrating with the material. Ultimately, what the reader can infer is that the approach to the situation is what is most important from the educator’s standpoint. If one seeks to push back against the inclusion of children with special needs, they should only do so based upon concrete facts and/or evidence and not due to any preconceived and unsubstantiated beliefs with regards to the overall effect that such an inclusion

(Storey & Co) case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

(Storey & Co) case study analysis - Essay Example The top 4 factors identified are talent retention, effective communication, leadership retention and cultural integration (Stahl et al. 2004). Another important factor that has been seen to influence this acquisition negatively is the insecurity it induces in the acquired firm’s employees (Stahl and Bjorkman. 2006). This has direct implications on employee morale of the acquired firm. The uncertainty of the entire operation can lead to insecurities about their job in the minds of the acquired firm’s employees. We have seen that so far no communication has happened with regards to this acquisition. National cultures also play an important role in cross-border acquisitions. In our case also cultural integration holds the key to successful merger. Storey is used to a high handed culture where they impose their own practices over the acquired firm. For example, British people are more neutral in expressing their emotions at work place as compared to Americans (Hoecklin 1995 ). This means that American working style is more expressive and open than British. This can be seen in our case also as the owners of Gittins & Edwards propagated an informal culture while Storey had a very heavy handed acquisition experiences in the past. Hence, the heavy handed attitude of Storey can emanate negative responses from the more open and informal acquired company. (Bowen, Galang and Pillai 2002). The employees of Storey have been seen to exert their policies on to the new firm it acquires. This can lead to major attrition and loss of talent as there is a major cultural difference in the two firms’ operating styles. The environment within an organization is highly dependent on the attitudes and values of its present and past leaders (Bhattacharya 2010). This has implications for our case as well. The leaders at Gittins & Edwards show a very informal but commercial style, while the British communication style is very formal. Hence the employees of the acquired firm will not

Effects of the French and Indian War

Effects of the French and Indian War Why do I think the French and Indian war created America? Much of historians work on the creation of America has focused primarily upon the War of Independence and its great influence in shaping the institutions of the American state. This scholarly focus upon the War of Independence as the cradle of America has meant that the French and Indian war has rather less significance in the popular imagination than it merits. It is the aim of this essay to demonstrate that the French and Indian war was not just a mere precursor to the much more widely recognized American War of Independence but rather a seminal event in its own right that had a profound effect on the course of American history. The French and Indian war sowed the seeds for the creation of America as we know it today. The noted historian Fred Anderson believes that the importance and influence of the French and Indian war was such that he terms it â€Å"the war that made America.†[1] The argument that the French and Indian war created America shall be made with the expositio n of the following points: Firstly, the war changed the colonials’ view of their own standing within the Empire. They believed that they had proved themselves as equals but their status had not undergone a similar conversion in the eyes of the Whitehall. Secondly, the removal of the French threat from North America led some to question why they needed to continue in their relationship with the British. Thirdly, the French and Indian war led to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which denied the expression of the colonies’ determination for further westward expansion. Finally, the cost of the French and Indian war, and the wider Seven Years War  led to increased taxes being imposed upon the colonies, taxes that were increasingly seen as an unjust imposition. All of these factors outlined converged to produce the thirst for independence from the British Crown and led ultimately to the creation of America. The French and Indian war initiated a cultural shift which led the colonials to conceive of themselves as equal partners in the [British] empire†[2], an idea that put them at odds with their British overlords and ultimately led to conflict with the British Empire and the eventual creation of a independent America. The colonists assumed that their efforts in the war had proved their status as equal members of the Empire. They were, in their own opinion now ‘partners in Empire.’ There was a sense of pride in belonging to the Empire. Benjamin Franklin celebrated â€Å"not merely as I am a colonist, but as I am a Briton.†[3] In a mood of rejoicing, New York erected statues of King George III and William Pitt. However, the British did not agree that the colonists had earned their newfound status as partners in Empire. The views of the British had not altered, the belief in the Empire’s hierarchy and the primacy of the Crown remained. These competing vision s of empire[4] were irreconcilable and meant yet further division between the two sides. The Treaty of Paris (1763) saw France lose all of its North American territory east of the Mississippi save for the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. This routing of the French led the colonies to question quite why they should remain tied to the British. There was now no common enemy to unite them. In 1773 the royal governor of Massachusetts stated that had Canada â€Å"remained to the French none of the spirit of opposition to the Mother Country would yet have appeared.†[5] The removal of the French threat that resulted from the conflict fostered an atmosphere in which the colonials began to give birth to their own ideas of democracy and self-rule thus providing them with the intellectual and philosophical ammunition with which to attack British imperialism The British were concerned that the colonies western frontiers should not expand any further, lest it aggravate the Indian tribes and thus provoke a further spate of conflicts. Furthermore, Britain’s new North American Empire, minus the French, was vast and any efforts to enlarge it yet further risked rendering it ungovernable. As a result the Royal Proclamation of 1763 prohibited further westward expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The ejection of the French from North America meant that the colonists’ desire for further westward expansion grew stronger at the very time when such expansion was denied by the Crown. In the eyes of the colonials the war had opened up the vast North American continent for further expansion and settlement. A 1763 famer’s almanac summed up the prevailing mood; â€Å"But now behold! The farmer may have land for nothing†¦Land enough for himself and all his sons, be they ever so many.†[6] Something had to give and the issue of pushing back the frontiers soon brought the colonies into conflict with the Empire and added to the clamor for independence. Ironically the imperials expansionist ambitions of the settlers brought helped turn them against the impositions of the British Empire. The huge cost of the French and Indian conflict, and the wider Seven Years War meant that British debt spiraled as a result. To help ease this financial burden a greater taxation was imposed upon the colonies. This fiscal burden, along with the philosophical objections no taxation without representation went the famous cry – made the colonies further question the wisdom of British rule. Protecting the continent had cost the British dearly and relative to British taxpayers the colonists paid less in taxes even though they were more prosperous. A prewar British debt of  £73 million had grown to  £137 million postwar[7] and the burden of administering North America was now more costly because the Empire had expanded so greatly. The colonists objected to paying what they saw as arbitrary taxes to a distant parliament where no colonist sat. Furthermore, the new taxes came at a time when the colonial economy was suffering a downturn, making them even more resented. The rebellio n over taxes, the Stamp Act in particular, also had the effect of confirming British suspicions that the colonists longed for independence and helped set the colonist on a collision course with the Mother country. In conclusion, this paper has demonstrated that the French and Indian war was a crucial contributing factor in the creation of an independent America. Whilst the American War of Independence may get much of the glory, the events of 1754–1763 clearly sowed the seeds for the colonies’ break away from the British Empire. It did so due to four key reasons. Firstly the war encouraged the colonials to view themselves as equals yet their status had has not undergone a similar conversion in the eyes of the Mother country, leading to discontent in North America. Secondly, the removal of the French threat also meant the removal of the common enemy that united the colonies and Britain, thus leading the colonists to question their ties to the Crown. Thirdly, the French and Indian war, due to the vast expansion of the North American empire, resulted in Royal Proclamation of 1763 which denied any further westward expansion, the very expansion that the settlers desired. Finally, the c ost of the French and Indian war, and the wider Seven Years War led to increased taxes being imposed upon the colonies who resented paying what they felt were arbitrary taxes to a distant parliament, especially in a time in which they were experiencing an economic downturn. All of these factors combined to stoke the fires of independence and rebellion in North America leading to the creation of an American nation free from imperialism. As Anderson argues, without the French and Indian war â€Å"American independence would surely have been long delayed†[8] Bibliography Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber Faber, 2000) -, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) Fowler, William M, Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763 (New York: Walker, 2005) Jennings, Francis, Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America (New York: Norton, 1988) McLynn, Frank, 1759: The Year Britain Became Master of The World (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004) Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001) Footnotes [1] Anderson, Fred, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) [2] Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber Faber, 2000) [3] Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001), 437 [4] Anderson, The War That Made America , 746 [5] Taylor (op cit) 438 [6] Ibid. 437 [7] Ibid. 439 [8] Anderson, Crucible of Wa,r xi

Effects of the French and Indian War

Effects of the French and Indian War Why do I think the French and Indian war created America? Much of historians work on the creation of America has focused primarily upon the War of Independence and its great influence in shaping the institutions of the American state. This scholarly focus upon the War of Independence as the cradle of America has meant that the French and Indian war has rather less significance in the popular imagination than it merits. It is the aim of this essay to demonstrate that the French and Indian war was not just a mere precursor to the much more widely recognized American War of Independence but rather a seminal event in its own right that had a profound effect on the course of American history. The French and Indian war sowed the seeds for the creation of America as we know it today. The noted historian Fred Anderson believes that the importance and influence of the French and Indian war was such that he terms it â€Å"the war that made America.†[1] The argument that the French and Indian war created America shall be made with the expositio n of the following points: Firstly, the war changed the colonials’ view of their own standing within the Empire. They believed that they had proved themselves as equals but their status had not undergone a similar conversion in the eyes of the Whitehall. Secondly, the removal of the French threat from North America led some to question why they needed to continue in their relationship with the British. Thirdly, the French and Indian war led to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which denied the expression of the colonies’ determination for further westward expansion. Finally, the cost of the French and Indian war, and the wider Seven Years War  led to increased taxes being imposed upon the colonies, taxes that were increasingly seen as an unjust imposition. All of these factors outlined converged to produce the thirst for independence from the British Crown and led ultimately to the creation of America. The French and Indian war initiated a cultural shift which led the colonials to conceive of themselves as equal partners in the [British] empire†[2], an idea that put them at odds with their British overlords and ultimately led to conflict with the British Empire and the eventual creation of a independent America. The colonists assumed that their efforts in the war had proved their status as equal members of the Empire. They were, in their own opinion now ‘partners in Empire.’ There was a sense of pride in belonging to the Empire. Benjamin Franklin celebrated â€Å"not merely as I am a colonist, but as I am a Briton.†[3] In a mood of rejoicing, New York erected statues of King George III and William Pitt. However, the British did not agree that the colonists had earned their newfound status as partners in Empire. The views of the British had not altered, the belief in the Empire’s hierarchy and the primacy of the Crown remained. These competing vision s of empire[4] were irreconcilable and meant yet further division between the two sides. The Treaty of Paris (1763) saw France lose all of its North American territory east of the Mississippi save for the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. This routing of the French led the colonies to question quite why they should remain tied to the British. There was now no common enemy to unite them. In 1773 the royal governor of Massachusetts stated that had Canada â€Å"remained to the French none of the spirit of opposition to the Mother Country would yet have appeared.†[5] The removal of the French threat that resulted from the conflict fostered an atmosphere in which the colonials began to give birth to their own ideas of democracy and self-rule thus providing them with the intellectual and philosophical ammunition with which to attack British imperialism The British were concerned that the colonies western frontiers should not expand any further, lest it aggravate the Indian tribes and thus provoke a further spate of conflicts. Furthermore, Britain’s new North American Empire, minus the French, was vast and any efforts to enlarge it yet further risked rendering it ungovernable. As a result the Royal Proclamation of 1763 prohibited further westward expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The ejection of the French from North America meant that the colonists’ desire for further westward expansion grew stronger at the very time when such expansion was denied by the Crown. In the eyes of the colonials the war had opened up the vast North American continent for further expansion and settlement. A 1763 famer’s almanac summed up the prevailing mood; â€Å"But now behold! The farmer may have land for nothing†¦Land enough for himself and all his sons, be they ever so many.†[6] Something had to give and the issue of pushing back the frontiers soon brought the colonies into conflict with the Empire and added to the clamor for independence. Ironically the imperials expansionist ambitions of the settlers brought helped turn them against the impositions of the British Empire. The huge cost of the French and Indian conflict, and the wider Seven Years War meant that British debt spiraled as a result. To help ease this financial burden a greater taxation was imposed upon the colonies. This fiscal burden, along with the philosophical objections no taxation without representation went the famous cry – made the colonies further question the wisdom of British rule. Protecting the continent had cost the British dearly and relative to British taxpayers the colonists paid less in taxes even though they were more prosperous. A prewar British debt of  £73 million had grown to  £137 million postwar[7] and the burden of administering North America was now more costly because the Empire had expanded so greatly. The colonists objected to paying what they saw as arbitrary taxes to a distant parliament where no colonist sat. Furthermore, the new taxes came at a time when the colonial economy was suffering a downturn, making them even more resented. The rebellio n over taxes, the Stamp Act in particular, also had the effect of confirming British suspicions that the colonists longed for independence and helped set the colonist on a collision course with the Mother country. In conclusion, this paper has demonstrated that the French and Indian war was a crucial contributing factor in the creation of an independent America. Whilst the American War of Independence may get much of the glory, the events of 1754–1763 clearly sowed the seeds for the colonies’ break away from the British Empire. It did so due to four key reasons. Firstly the war encouraged the colonials to view themselves as equals yet their status had has not undergone a similar conversion in the eyes of the Mother country, leading to discontent in North America. Secondly, the removal of the French threat also meant the removal of the common enemy that united the colonies and Britain, thus leading the colonists to question their ties to the Crown. Thirdly, the French and Indian war, due to the vast expansion of the North American empire, resulted in Royal Proclamation of 1763 which denied any further westward expansion, the very expansion that the settlers desired. Finally, the c ost of the French and Indian war, and the wider Seven Years War led to increased taxes being imposed upon the colonies who resented paying what they felt were arbitrary taxes to a distant parliament, especially in a time in which they were experiencing an economic downturn. All of these factors combined to stoke the fires of independence and rebellion in North America leading to the creation of an American nation free from imperialism. As Anderson argues, without the French and Indian war â€Å"American independence would surely have been long delayed†[8] Bibliography Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber Faber, 2000) -, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) Fowler, William M, Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763 (New York: Walker, 2005) Jennings, Francis, Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America (New York: Norton, 1988) McLynn, Frank, 1759: The Year Britain Became Master of The World (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004) Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001) Footnotes [1] Anderson, Fred, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) [2] Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber Faber, 2000) [3] Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001), 437 [4] Anderson, The War That Made America , 746 [5] Taylor (op cit) 438 [6] Ibid. 437 [7] Ibid. 439 [8] Anderson, Crucible of Wa,r xi